🔧 Ukulungisa iingxaki kwi-Internet ecothayo

Iingcebiso ezihamba ngenyathelo ukulungisa iingxaki zonxibelelwano

🩺 Uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lweengxaki

Phendula imibuzo emibini ukuze uchonge ingxaki yakho

✅ Uluhlu Lokukhangela Ukulungisa Ingxaki Ngokukhawuleza (Yenza Oku Kuqale!)

🐌

Layishela phantsi egronjiweyo

Amaphepha afaka ngokucothayo, ukukhuphela ezantsi kuthatha ixesha elide

  1. Uvavanyo lwesantya sakho: Sebenzisa uvavanyo lwesantya sethu ukuqinisekiswa ukuba licotha (akukho kuqonda kuphela)
  2. Uthelekiso kwinkqubo yakho: Khangela ukuba uhlawulisa njani isantya (i-ISP bill/iwebhusayithi)
  3. Khangela uthungelwano lothungelwano: Vala zonke iinkqubo/izixhobo ezisebenzisa i-internet, khangela kwakhona
  4. Qalisa kwakhona umqhubi/imodem: Sukuzifake zombini kwi-30 yemizuzu, ufake i-modem kuqala, emva koko ubeke umqhubi
  5. Zama i-Ethernet: I-WiFi ingaba 30-50% ikhawulezayo kune-wireless - dibanisa ngqo kwi-router
  6. Hlela i-firmware ye-router: Khangela iwebhusayithi yomenzi wohlaziyo olutsha
  7. Uqhagamshelana ne-ISP: Ukuba uqhubeka ucotha, ungaba unengxaki yomgca okanye ufuna unxulumano lwenkonzo
📡

Uxhulumaniso Luyaqhubeka Luyahla

I-Internet icima uxhulumaniso ngokujikeleza, emva koko idibanisa kwakhona

  1. Khangela intambo: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iinqanawa (i-coax, i-ethernet, amandla) zidityaniswe ngokuqinileyo
  2. Khangela uxinzelelo: Shenxisa i-router kude ne-microwave, iifowuni ezingasebenziyo, ii-monitors zesibeleko
  3. Ubushushu obungaphezulu: Qinisekisa ukuba i-router inendawo yomoya, ayigqunywanga okanye ikwilanga elithe ngqo
  4. Izixhobo ezininzi kakhulu: Sukudibanisa isixhobo esisebenzayo sokuqala ukuze ubone ukuba sibangela iingxaki
  5. Ukuphuma kwe-ISP: Khangela iphepha lesimo le-ISP okanye imidiya yoluntu yeengxabano eziziwayo
  6. Izixhobo ezidala: Ukuba umqhubi uneminyaka emihlanu+ ubudala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhubazekile
  7. Nxulumanisa i-ISP: Kusenokubakho iingxaki ngomandla wophawu, umgangatho womgca, okanye ukungqubana kwendawo
🎮

I-Ping ephezulu / Ulibaziso kumdlalo

Iimpendulo ezilibazisayo, i-rubber-band, ukucaphukisa

  1. Sebenzisa i-Ethernet: Uxhulumaniso olungenazingcingo lunee-ping eziphantsi nge-50-80% kune-WiFi
  2. Vala iinkqubo zendawo yangasemva: I-Steam, i-Discord, i-Chrome tabs ingadibanisa ukuphuma kwexesha
  3. Iinketho ze projekti Yenza i QoS (Umgangatho wenkonzo) kwizicwangciso zomqhubi
  4. Khetha abancedisi abafutshane: Khetha abancedisi bemidlalo kummandla wakho
  5. Sukwenza i-VPN: I-VPNs idibanisa i-20-100ms latency
  6. Khangela ulayishe: Iindawo zokugcina ezikhuselekileyo ze-cloud zingabangela iziqhoboshi zokulibazisa
  7. Qiniseka ukuba uhlaziyo: Umdlalo ufuna i-ping ephantsi - i-fiber okanye i-cable ingcono kune-DSL
📶

Uphawu oluphantsi lwe-WiFi

Ii-speeds ezicothayo kude ne-router, iindawo ezifileyo ekhaya

  1. Indawo yolawulo: Faka i-router phezulu, phezulu (ishelfu/ifestile), kude nefestile
  2. Ukunciphisa izithintelo: I-WiFi ilahlekile ngenxa yamadonga, i-metal, amanzi (iitanki zentlanzi, iifriji)
  3. Tshintsha isiqhagamshelanisi se-WiFi: Uthungelwano lwamakhaya lunokuchaphazela - zama iziqhagamshelanisi 1, 6, okanye 11
  4. Yenza phezulu ukuya kwi 5GHz: Ingaphantsi kwe-2.4GHz, ikhawulezayo (kodwa ifutshane)
  5. Yongeza isithsaba se-WiFi: Yongeza umqondiso kwiigumbi ezide (inkqubo ye-mesh isebenza kakuhle)
  6. Hlela umqhubi: Ii-router ze-WiFi 6 zibonelela ngesantya kunye noluhlu olungcono
  7. Khangela indawo ye antenna: I-antene ye-point ethe nkqo yokufikelela okulungileyo

⚠️ 2. 4GHz vs 5GHz

2.4GHz: Uluhlu olude, ludlula amadonga kakuhle, kodwa lucotha (max ~100 Mbps) kunye nokungqubana okuninzi

5GHz: Iisantya ezikhawulezayo (zifike kwi-1300+ Mbps), uxinzelelo oluncinci, kodwa uluhlu olufutshane

Udidi: Sebenzisa i-5GHz kwii-apps ezikufutshane ne-router (ukudlala, ukusasaza kwe-4K), i-2.4GHz kwii-apps ezikude (ikhaya elifanelekileyo)

🔐

Uqhagamshelane nge-WiFi kodwa akukho nethiwekhi ye-intanethi

Isixhobo sibonisa ukuba sidityanisiwe kodwa amaphepha azakulayisha

  1. Qala kwakhona icebo: Vala/vula i-WiFi, okanye uqalise kwakhona isixhobo
  2. Lahla kwaye udibanise kwakhona: Cima uthungelwano lwe-WiFi kwisixhobo, udibanise kwakhona nge-password
  3. Khangela umqhubi we-internet: Khangela ukuba i-router ibonisa njani i-internet
  4. Qalisa kwakhona umqhubi/imodem: Isixhobo sokuphinda sisebenze
  5. Iingxaki ze-DNS: Tshintsha i-DNS ibe yi-Google (8.8.8.8) okanye i-Cloudflare (1.1.1.1)
  6. Ungqubano lwe IP: Nceda unikezele nge-IP ehlala ikhona kwi-router okanye uhlaziye i-DHCP lease
  7. I-firmware ye-router: Uhlobo olutsha
🔌

Uxhulumaniso lwe-Ethernet olucothayo

Uxhulumaniso olungenazingcingo lucotha kunokuba lulindeleke

  1. Khangela ubunjani bentambo: Sebenzisa iCat5e (1 Gbps) okanye iCat6 (10 Gbps) intambo, hayi iCat5 edala
  2. Ubude bentambo: I-Ethernet ikhupha ngaphezulu kwe-100 metres - sebenzisa iinqanawa ezimfutshane
  3. Intambo ezilahlekileyo: Iinqanawa ezibomvu, ezityibilikayo, okanye ezityibilikayo kufuneka zibuyiselwe
  4. Urhwebo lwangaphakathi lwe Port: Khangela ukuba isiqhagamshelanisi sithethwa ngesantya esipheleleyo (1000 Mbps hayi 100 Mbps)
  5. Umqhubi wekhadi lomsebenzi womnatha: Hlela umqhubi we-Ethernet
  6. Izibuko le router: Ezinye iziqhagamsheli ezibizayo zinee-Ethernet ports ezicothayo (100 Mbps)
  7. Uvavanyo lwesiqhagamsheli esihlukileyo: Isiqhagamsheli se-router singasebenzi

⚠️ Indlela Yokukhangela Isantya Soxhulumaniso (Windows)

  1. Vula Izicwangciso - > Umsebenzi womnatha & Internet - > Ethernet
  2. Khangela "Isantya Soqhagamshelwano" - kufuneka ibonise 1000 Mbps ye gigabit
  3. Ukuba ibonisa i-100 Mbps, unesiphelo esithe nkqo (intambo, isibuko, okanye isixhobo)
⚙️

Izicwangciso Zomqhubi Okhawulezayo

Yenza uqwalaselo lwe router lusebenze kakuhle

Iinketho ze-Router

  1. Vula i-browser uze utyelele i-IP ye-router yakho (ihlala 192.168.1.1 okanye 192.168.0.1)
  2. Ngena ngeenkcukacha zokungena zomlawuli (khangela i-label ye-router ukuba awuyitshintshi)

Izicwangciso Ezicetyiswayo

  • QoS (Umgangatho wenkonzo): Iinketho ze-GNU/Linux
  • Isiqhagamshelanisi se-WiFi: Sebenzisa i-app yovavanyo lwe-WiFi ukukhangela isiqhagamshelanisi esincinci esingenazingcingo
  • Ububanzi besiqhagamshelanisi: 20MHz ye 2. 4GHz (uxinzelelo oluncinane), 40/ 80MHz ye 5GHz (ekhawulezayo)
  • Ukhuseleko: Sebenzisa i-WPA3 okanye i-WPA2 (akukho WEP/WPA - igqityiwe kwaye ihamba ngesantya esiphantsi)
  • Uthungelwano lomntu onesiqhelo: Uthungelwano oluzahlulayo lwabakhenkethi/ii-IoT devices
  • I-Firmware: Soloko usebenzisa i-firmware ekutshayo yokhuseleko nokusebenza
🛠️

Imiyalelo Yovavanyo Lomsebenzi womnatha

Sebenzisa izixhobo zomgca womyalelo ukuvavanya iingxaki

Imiyalelo ye Windows

# Uvavanyo lwenxulumano kwiwebhusayithi

ping google.com

# Umendo wokulandela ukufumanisa apho ukucotha kubangela khona

tracert google.com

# I-IP yedilesi

ipconfig /release

ipconfig /renew

# Cima i-DNS cache

ipconfig /flushdns

I-Mac/Linux

# Uvavanyo lwenxulumano

ping -c 10 google.com

# Iindlela

traceroute google.com

# Yenza kwakhona i-DHCP lease (Mac)

sudo ipconfig set en0 DHCP

# I-DNS ecocekileyo (Mac)

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache

Ingaba ukhona na umngcipheko?

Sikhona ukukunceda! Dibana neqela lethu lokuxhasa okanye khangela ezinye izinto ezifumanekayo.

Uqhagamshelana noNkxaso Bonisa Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo